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Municipal and District Government
South
Tyrol has 116 municipalities, everyone belonging to one of the seven
districts of the Province; the only exception is the municipality of Bozen
(Bolzano), which constitutes a district in itself (the eighth). Each municipality
has its statutes and, as an autonomous corporation, has its own organs:
the mayor, as the head and the representative of the municipality;
the municipal council, as the political-administrative directing and
control body; and the municipal committee which, with the major at
its head, is responsible for carrying out all administrative activities. The
municipal committee also possesses so-called residual powers, in that it has
to carry out all measures which are not by law or the statutes reserved to
the council, the major, the municipal clerk or senior civil servants.
The number of municipal councillors depends on the number of inhabitants of
the municipality concerned, extending from 15 councillors for municipalities
with less than 3,000 inhabitants to 50 councillors for municipalities with
over 100,000 inhabitants or provincial administrative centres.
The duties of the municipality involve all the administrative powers
which affect the population and the territory of the municipality, particularly
in the social services sector, area planning and utilisation and economic
development.
Social functions involve the maintenance of public security and order
(the municipal police) and responsibility for the fire brigade. The municipality
must care for the old, the poor an the sick, undertake obligatory vaccinations
and ensure burial facilities. In addition the major is responsible for local
health. The municipality is responsible for sports facilities and supervises
slaughter-houses; it is also responsible for cemeteries, rubbish disposal
and sewage, and for drawing up building guidelines. Cultural functions
involve the building and maintenance of schools, theatres, museums, libraries
and archives. Economic functions involve traffic arrangements as well
as upkeep of the local traffic network, the provision of energy and water,
public lightening and general promotion of the economy. The municipality looks
after the preparation of business plans and supervises business activity in
its area. It deals with advertising and public displays either directly or
through licences. The municipalities have also had transferred to them powers
regarding the opening and running of hotels and restaurants, the operation
of hotel trade regulations (Provincial Law of 14 December 1988, n. 58), and
control of business and trade regulations. Finally, the municipality is responsible
for local registry offices, military service rolls and the conduct of elections.
At the moment the tax sovereignty of the municipalities in South Tyrol is
rather limited. The ordinary municipality budget is met by subsidies from
the Province. In the field of local finance, the trend is again for the municipalities
to have made available their own tax revenue, and in that regard a local business
tax and a buildings tax has been introduced.
Thanks to the constitutional reform enforced by the constitutional law n°3/2001
the role of the municipalities has generally revalued. They form together
with the state, regions, provinces and capital cities the building elements
of the republic, the principals of the municipal autonomy is defined by the
constitution itself. In future, the municipalities shall receive more administrative
competencies and a financial autonomy, also in the taxation sector.
For the supervision of the relations between the Regions and the municipalities,
an own council of the local autonomies must be instituted for the co-ordination
of possible problems and the general consultation.. For the South Tyrolese
municipalities, these new regulations will come into force only after the
amendment of the Autonomy Statute, because on the basis of the transitional
regulation, responsible for this matter, which provides that until the amendment
of the Autonomy Statute has not been enforced, just those regulations, which
are favourable for the Region and the provinces, will be applied, the general
administrative power of the province, laid down in art. 16ff. of the Autonomy
Statute can not be restricted. However, the mentioned principals favourable
for the municipalities must be considered in the amendment of the Statute.
The biggest municipality in South Tyrol in terms of surface area is Sarntal
(Val Sarentino) with 302.50 km², and the smallest is Kuens (Caines) with 1.66
km². The biggest municipality in terms of population is the city of Bozen
(Bolzano) with 97,232 inhabitants while the smallest is Waidbruck (Ponte Gardena)
with 180.
Five municipalities in South Tyrol have an Italian-speaking majority, Bozen
(Bolzano), Leifers (Laives), Salurn (Salorno), Branzoll (Branzolo) and Pfatten
(Vadena). In the eight municipalities in the Ladin valleys of Grödental (Val
Badia) the Ladins are in the majority. All the remaining 103 municipalities
have a German-speaking majority.
In South Tyrol there are eight districts:
Burggrafenamt (Burgraviato) [consisting of 26 municipalities, 88,326 inhabitants, 1,100.73 km², with its seat in Meran (Merano)];
Eisacktal (Val Isarco) [13 municipalities, 44,464 habitants, 623.78 km², with its seat in Brixen (Bressanone)];
Pustertal (Val Pusteria) [26 municipalities, 73,146 habitants, 2,071.66 km², with its seat in Bruneck (Brunico)];
Salten-Schlern (Salto-Sciliar) [13 municipalities, 44,464 inhabitants, 1,036.63 km², with its seat in Bozen (Bolzano)];
Überetsch-Südtiroler Unterland (Oltradige-Bassa Atesina) [18 municipalities, 62,956 inhabitants, 423.60 km², with its seat in Neumarkt (Egna)];
Vinschgau (Val Venosta) [13 municipalities, 32,342 inhabitants, 1,441.68 km², with its seat in Schlanders (Silandro)];
and Wipptal (Alta Val d'Isarco) [six municipalities, 17,735 inhabitants, 650.01 km², with its seat in Sterzing (Vipiteno)].
The City of Bozen (Bolzano) has its own district [97,237 inhabitants, 52.43 km²].
The
organs of those districts are the president, the district committee
and the district council. The powers of the district include, amongst
other things, the implementation of supra-municipal building plans (schools,
sewers, roads, homes for the elderly), the examination and resolution of supra-
and intermunicipal problems, the preparation of plans for the economic, social
and cultural development of the area as well as, since the beginning of 1993,
the management of social services.
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